How is Hazardous Waste Treated?

Hazardous waste can be treated by chemical, thermal, biological, and physical methods. Chemical methods include ion exchange, oxidation and reduction, precipitation and neutralization. Among thermal methods is high-temperature incineration, which not only can detoxify certain organic wastes but also can destroy them. Specific types of thermal equipment are used for burning waste in either solid, liquid, or sludge form, including the rotary kiln, liquid-injection incinerator and fluidized-bed incinerator.